Forward Proxy

A forward proxy sits between a group of clients and the internet. Clients send requests to the proxy, which fetches the target resource for them, so the destination sees the proxy's IP address rather than the client's.

Why it matters

Organizations use forward proxies to filter content, enforce policy, cache popular downloads and log outbound traffic. Individuals use them to change their apparent location. It is the opposite of a reverse proxy, which fronts servers. For monitoring and debugging, a forward proxy can explain why a site works from one network and fails from another: the proxy may block, rewrite or cache responses.

Example

Using a proxy from the command line:

curl -x http://proxy.example.net:3128 https://example.com/

For HTTPS the client sends a CONNECT example.com:443 request, and the proxy tunnels bytes without reading them, unless it is configured to inspect traffic with its own certificate. A page showing a different IP in the IP lookup tool than your home address usually means a proxy or VPN is in the path.

Common mistakes

• Mixing up forward and reverse proxies.
• Forgetting that environment variables like HTTP_PROXY and NO_PROXY change how scripts and monitors connect.
• Trusting X-Forwarded-For as proof of client identity, since clients can forge it.

Related

• Reverse proxy
• Proxy server
• SOCKS proxy
• टूल: What is my IP

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