Next.js

Next.js is an open-source framework built on React and maintained by Vercel. It supplies the pieces React leaves out: routing based on the folder structure, rendering on the server or at build time, image and font optimization, and backend route handlers.

Why it matters

Plain React renders in the browser, so crawlers and slow devices first receive an almost empty page. Next.js can send finished HTML instead, which improves first paint and makes content easier for search engines to read. Each page or component can choose its own strategy: static generation, server-side rendering, or client rendering.

It also affects hosting and monitoring. A Next.js app may run as a Node.js server, as serverless functions or as static files, and each mode fails differently.

Example

app/
  page.tsx          -> /
  blog/
    [slug]/
      page.tsx      -> /blog/hello-world

Creating app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx automatically serves every /blog/<anything> URL, with the dynamic segment passed to the component as a parameter.

Common mistakes

• Rendering everything on the server for pages that never change, adding latency and cost that static generation would avoid.
• Putting secrets in code that ships to the browser; only server-only code may read private environment variables.
• Monitoring only the home page. Server-rendered routes can fail while the cached home page still loads.

Related

• React
• Server-side rendering
• Hydration
• Incremental static regeneration

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