NXDOMAIN ("non-existent domain") is the DNS response code 3 (RCODE 3). It is returned by an authoritative server, or relayed by a resolver, when the queried name does not exist anywhere in the zone.
Why it matters
Browsers show errors such as DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN or "server not found" when they get it. Causes include a typo, an expired or unregistered domain, a deleted record, a missing delegation or nameservers that lack the zone. It is not the same as NODATA, where the name exists but has no record of the requested type, for example asking for AAAA on a name with only an A record. NODATA comes back as NOERROR with an empty answer. NXDOMAIN answers are cached according to the SOA minimum.
Example
$ dig missing.example.com A
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN
Next steps: query the authoritative nameservers directly, check the spelling, look for a recently expired registration and confirm the record really exists in the zone you are editing.
Common mistakes
- Treating every lookup failure as NXDOMAIN. SERVFAIL means something different.
- Checking only your own resolver cache.
- Forgetting that some ISPs rewrite NXDOMAIN into ad pages.
Related
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