Pagination

Pagination is the practice of dividing a large list of results into smaller chunks, called pages, that are fetched and shown one at a time. It applies to web page listings, database queries and API responses alike.

Why it matters

Returning thousands of rows at once wastes bandwidth, memory and time. Pagination keeps responses fast and predictable. Two common styles exist. Offset pagination uses page and limit (or OFFSET), which is simple but gets slower on deep pages and can skip or repeat items if data changes between requests. Cursor pagination returns a token pointing to the last item seen, which stays efficient and consistent for large or fast-changing data. For websites, crawlable paginated links also matter to search engines.

Example

GET /api/sites?limit=50&cursor=eyJpZCI6MTIzfQ

{
  "data": [ ... 50 items ... ],
  "next_cursor": "eyJpZCI6MTczfQ"
}

SELECT * FROM sites WHERE id > 123 ORDER BY id LIMIT 50;

Common mistakes

• Paginating without a stable sort order, so pages overlap.
• Using large OFFSET values on huge tables.
• Not enforcing a maximum page size.

Related

• REST API
• Database index
• Query optimization
• Rate limiting

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