RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a technique that combines multiple drives into a single logical volume. Depending on the level, it improves performance, protects against drive failure, or both.

Why it matters

A server with RAID can keep running when a disk dies, which reduces downtime. Common levels include RAID 0 for striping with no redundancy, RAID 1 for mirroring, RAID 5 for striping with single parity and RAID 10 for striped mirrors.

RAID is implemented in hardware controllers or in software by the operating system.

Example

RAID 1 with two 4 TB drives: usable 4 TB, survives 1 drive failure
RAID 5 with four 4 TB drives: usable 12 TB, survives 1 drive failure
RAID 0 with two 4 TB drives: usable 8 TB, any failure loses everything

Common misconceptions

RAID is a backup. It does not protect against deletion, corruption, ransomware or fire.
RAID 0 is safe because it uses multiple drives. It doubles the failure risk.
A rebuild is risk free. A second failure during a rebuild can destroy the array.

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