Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi is a family of small, low-cost single-board computers made by Raspberry Pi Ltd, first released in 2012. Most models use an ARM processor, run Linux (commonly Raspberry Pi OS), and include USB ports, networking, HDMI output, and a 40-pin GPIO header for connecting electronics.

Why it matters

A Raspberry Pi is a complete computer, unlike a microcontroller. It boots an operating system from a microSD card or other storage, runs normal software, and can act as a small web server, network ad blocker, media player, home automation hub, or learning platform. Its GPIO pins allow it to read sensors and control LEDs, relays, and motors.

Power use is low, but it is not a hard real-time device, and a microSD card can wear out or corrupt after power loss. For a project needing precise timing or very low power, a microcontroller board such as the Raspberry Pi Pico or an Arduino may fit better.

Example

A short Python script using the gpiozero library blinks an LED connected to pin 17:

from gpiozero import LED
from time import sleep

led = LED(17)
while True:
    led.toggle()
    sleep(1)

Common mistakes

• Powering it from a weak charger, which causes instability.
• Exposing a Pi with default credentials to the internet.
• Running heavy write workloads on a cheap microSD card.
• Connecting GPIO pins to 5 V devices; the pins are 3.3 V logic.

Related

• Arduino
• MicroSD
• ARM vs x86
• Linux

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