TypeScript

TypeScript is a programming language developed by Microsoft that adds optional static types to JavaScript. Every valid JavaScript program is also valid TypeScript, and the TypeScript compiler checks types and then emits plain JavaScript that runs in browsers or on Node.js.

Why it matters

Types catch many mistakes, such as misspelled properties or wrong argument types, before the code runs, and they give editors accurate autocomplete and safe refactoring. This is valuable in large front-end and Node.js codebases with many contributors. Types exist only at compile time and are erased in the output, so they do not validate data arriving at runtime, such as an API response.

Example

interface Site {
  host: string;
  up: boolean;
}

function label(s: Site): string {
  return s.up ? `${s.host} is up` : `${s.host} is down`;
}

label({ host: "example.com", upp: true }); // compile error: 'upp'

The misspelled property is flagged before the code is ever executed.

Common mistakes

• Overusing any, which switches off type checking.
• Assuming a type annotation validates untrusted JSON at runtime.
• Casting with as to silence errors instead of fixing the underlying mismatch.

Related

• JavaScript
• Transpiler
• Node.js
• Linter

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