UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format)

UTF-8 is a character encoding that converts Unicode text into bytes using one to four bytes per character. The first 128 characters match ASCII, so plain English text is identical in both.

Why it matters

Using UTF-8 lets one page display English, Hindi, Arabic, Chinese and emoji together. If a server and page disagree on encoding, visitors see garbled characters such as é instead of é. Declaring it clearly in both headers and markup avoids that.

For new projects the safe default is to use UTF-8 everywhere: files, HTML, HTTP headers, databases and APIs, so text never has to be converted in between.

Example

<meta charset="utf-8">

And in the HTTP header: Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8. The letter é takes two bytes in UTF-8 (C3 A9), while A takes one (41).

Common mistakes

• Saving a file in one encoding and declaring another.
• Placing the charset meta tag too far down the head, after other content.
• Using a database with a legacy encoding that mangles non-Latin characters.

Related

• MIME type
• HTML
• HTTP
• टूल: Http header checker

यह पेज सामान्य जानकारी है, जिसे हमारी संपादकीय टीम ने लिखा है और दस्तावेज़ीकरण बदलने पर अपडेट किया जाता है। सर्वर और प्रदाता अलग-अलग होते हैं, इसलिए बदलाव पहले सुरक्षित तरीके से जाँचें। देखें: संपादकीय नीति और अस्वीकरण.