Container

A container is a standardized unit of software that packages application code with its libraries and settings and runs as an isolated process on a host operating system, sharing that host's kernel.

Why it matters

Containers make an application behave the same on a laptop, a test server and production. They start in seconds and use fewer resources than virtual machines because they do not carry a full guest operating system.

Isolation is weaker than with a VM since the kernel is shared, so security depends on correct configuration and keeping images updated.

Example

docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx:1.27

This starts an nginx container in the background and maps host port 8080 to container port 80. Visiting http://localhost:8080 returns the nginx welcome page.

Common mistakes

• Storing important data inside the container filesystem, which is lost when it is removed. Use volumes.
• Running containers as root with no resource limits.
• Using the latest tag in production, which makes deployments unpredictable.

Related

• Docker
• Kubernetes
• Virtual Machine (VM)
• Microservices

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