Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that schedules containers onto a cluster of machines, keeps them running, scales them and handles service discovery and rolling updates.

Why it matters

You declare the desired state, such as three replicas of a web app, and Kubernetes continuously works to match it. If a container or node fails, it starts replacements elsewhere. It also supports rolling updates and rollbacks, which reduces deployment downtime.

The cost is complexity. Running a cluster requires networking, storage, security and upgrade knowledge, so many small projects are better served by simpler platforms or a managed Kubernetes service.

Example

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels: {app: web}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels: {app: web}
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: web
        image: myapp:1.4

If one of the three pods dies, Kubernetes creates a new one.

Common mistakes

• Adopting Kubernetes for a single small app that a VPS could host.
• Omitting resource requests and limits, so one pod starves others.
• Missing readiness probes, which sends traffic to pods that are not ready.

Related

• Container
• Docker
• Auto Scaling
• Microservices

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