Docker

Docker is an open platform and toolset for building container images and running them as containers, widely used to package applications so they run identically across environments.

Why it matters

Docker made containers mainstream. A Dockerfile describes how to build an image, a registry stores and distributes it, and the Docker engine runs it. Teams use it for consistent development environments, repeatable deployments and CI pipelines.

Docker handles single hosts well; for running many containers across many machines, teams typically add an orchestrator such as Kubernetes.

Example

FROM node:22-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN npm ci --omit=dev
CMD ["node", "server.js"]

Building this with docker build -t myapp . produces an image that starts the app with docker run myapp.

Common mistakes

• Baking secrets such as API keys into an image where anyone with the image can read them.
• Forgetting to publish ports, so the service runs but is unreachable from outside.
• Never cleaning up old images and volumes, which fills the disk.

Related

• Container
• Kubernetes
• Virtual Machine (VM)
• CI Server (Continuous Integration)

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