A software update applies patches and minor changes to the version you already run, such as 3.2.1 to 3.2.2. An upgrade moves to a new major release, such as version 3 to version 4, which can change features and compatibility.
Why it matters
Updates mostly fix bugs and security flaws and are low risk, so apply them promptly. Upgrades can remove features, change file formats, or break plugins, so test them first. Operating systems and applications often label the two differently, and vendors use both words loosely.
Security fixes for an old major version eventually stop.
Example
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade # updates installed packages
$ sudo do-release-upgrade # moves to the next OS releaseNote that apt itself uses the word upgrade for ordinary package updates.
Common misconceptions
- Delaying security updates for months because they feel disruptive.
- Upgrading production directly without a test copy or backup.
- Assuming the words always mean the same thing across vendors.
Related
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This page is general information written by our editorial team and updated when documentation changes. Servers and providers differ, so test changes safely first. See our editorial policy and disclaimer.