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Tech and website glossary

Plain-English definitions of internet, web, programming, hosting, networking, security, AI, SEO and business terms, each with a concrete example.

0

0-RTT (TLS Early Data)

3

3-D Secure (3DS)

4

404 Page (Not Found Page)

4K (Ultra HD)

5

8

802.1X (Port-Based Network Access Control)

A

A Record (Address Record)

A/B Testing

AAAA Record (IPv6 Address Record)

Above the Fold

Accelerometer

Access Point (Wireless AP)

ACH (Automated Clearing House)

ACID (Database Properties)

ACME Challenge (HTTP-01 and DNS-01)

ACME Protocol

Acquirer vs Issuer

Activation Rate

Active-Active

Active-Passive

Adaptive Bitrate Streaming (ABR)

Adaptive Learning

Adaptive Sync (VRR)

Affiliate Marketing

AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)

AI Alignment

AI Benchmark

AI Hallucination

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

Alert (Monitoring)

Alert Deduplication

Alert Fatigue

Algorithmic Bias (Bias in AI)

Algorithmic Feed

ALIAS and ANAME Records

ALPN (Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation)

Amazon CloudFront

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service)

Amazon Route 53

Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)

AML (Anti-Money Laundering)

Anchor Text

Anomaly Detection

Anycast Routing

AOV (Average Order Value)

Apache HTTP Server

Apache Kafka

Apdex (Application Performance Index)

Apex Domain (Root Domain)

API (Application Programming Interface)

API Gateway

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

APM (Application Performance Monitoring)

App Permissions

App Sandbox

AR (Augmented Reality)

ARC (Authenticated Received Chain)

ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications)

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

ARPU (Average Revenue Per User)

ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue)

Array (Data Structure)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)

ASN (Autonomous System Number)

Aspect Ratio

Asymmetric Encryption

Asynchronous Programming

Attack Surface

Authoritative Nameserver

Auto Scaling

Autoscaling

Autostart (Startup Programs)

Availability

B

B2B (Business to Business)

B2C (Business to Consumer)

Back End (Back-End Development)

Backpressure

Backpropagation

Backward Compatibility

Bare Metal Server

Baseline (Monitoring)

Bash

Beta Software

BFF (Backend for Frontend)

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Big O Notation

BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification)

Binary Tree

BIOS and UEFI

Black-Box Monitoring

Blameless Culture

Blast Radius

Blended Learning

Block Storage

Blog (Weblog)

Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)

Blue-Green Deployment

BNPL (Buy Now, Pay Later)

Boot Process

Bootable USB

Bootstrapping

Bot (Internet Bot)

Bot Management

Bounce Rate

Breadcrumb Navigation

Brotli Compression

Browser Cache

Browser Extension

Browser History

Brute Force Attack

Bucket (Cloud Storage)

Bug

Bulkhead Pattern

Bundler (Module Bundler)

Bus (Computer Bus)

Business Intelligence (BI)

Buyer Persona

C

C (Programming Language)

C# (Programming Language)

C++

CAA Record (Certification Authority Authorization)

Cable Broadband

CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)

Cache Busting

Cache Hit Ratio

Cache Invalidation

Cache Memory

Cache Stampede

Cache-Control

CAN-SPAM Act

Canary Release

Canonical Redirect

Canonical URL

Canvas Element

CAP Theorem

Capacity Planning

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)

Captive Portal

Card Network (Card Scheme)

Card Tokenization

Cardinality

Cart Abandonment

Cascading Failure

Catch-All Address

CCPA

ccTLD (Country Code Top-Level Domain)

CDN (Content Delivery Network)

Certificate Authority (CA)

Certificate Chain (Chain of Trust)

Certificate Expiry Alert

Certificate Pinning

Certificate Transparency (CT)

CGNAT (Carrier-Grade NAT)

Chain of Thought

Chaos Engineering

Cherry-Pick

chmod (File Permissions)

Chrome DevTools

CI Server (Continuous Integration)

CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Delivery)

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

Cipher Suite

Circuit Breaker

Classification (Machine Learning)

Clickjacking

Client Certificate

Client Error (4xx)

Client-Side Routing

Clock Speed

Cloud Computing

Cloud Gaming

Cloud Migration

Cloud Storage

Cloudflare Workers

CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)

CMS (Content Management System)

CNAME Flattening

CNAME Record (Canonical Name)

Code Coverage

Code Formatter

Code Review

Code Signing Certificate

Code Splitting

Coding Bootcamp

Cohort Analysis

Cold Standby

Command Line (CLI)

Comment Section

Compression Ratio

Computer Vision

Conditional Request

Configuration Drift

Configuration Management

Confirmation Check

Congestion Control

Connection Draining

Connection Time

Connection Timeout

Content Marketing

Content Moderation

Context Window

Conversion Funnel

Conversion Rate

Cookie (HTTP Cookie)

Cookie Consent

Cookie Prefixes (__Host- and __Secure-)

Core Web Vitals

Correlation ID

Correlation vs Causation

CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)

CORS Preflight Request

Cosine Similarity

CPC (Cost Per Click)

CPM (Cost Per Mille)

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Crash (Software)

Crawl Budget

Credential Stuffing

Credit Card vs Debit Card

Critical CSS

Critical Rendering Path

CRL (Certificate Revocation List)

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

Cross-Browser Compatibility

Cross-Platform Software

CRUD

Cryptocurrency

CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score)

CSP (Content Security Policy)

CSR (Certificate Signing Request)

CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS Animation

CSS Box Model

CSS Breakpoint

CSS Selector

CSS Specificity

CSS Variables (Custom Properties)

CSV (Comma-Separated Values)

CTR (Click-Through Rate)

Customer Journey

Customer Success

CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)

CVV (Card Verification Value)

Cybersquatting

D

D2C (Direct to Consumer)

DANE (DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities)

Dark Launch

Dark Mode CSS

Dashboard (Data)

Data Analytics

Data Breach

Data Center

Data Cleaning

Data Governance

Data Labeling

Data Pipeline

Data Science

Data Structure

Data Warehouse

Database Backup

Database Connection Pool

Database Deadlock

Database Index

Database Migration

Database Normalization

Database Partitioning

Database Replication

Database Schema

Database Sharding

Database Transaction

Database Trigger

Database View

DAU / MAU (Daily and Monthly Active Users)

DBMS (Database Management System)

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)

DDR5 (Double Data Rate 5)

Dead Man's Switch (Monitoring)

Dead-Letter Queue (DLQ)

Debounce and Throttle

Decision Tree

Dedicated Server

Deep Learning

Deepfake (Security)

Default Gateway

Defragmentation (Disk Defrag)

Degraded Performance

Dependency Injection

Design Pattern

Design System

Device Driver

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

Diffusion Model

dig (Domain Information Groper)

Digital Detox

Digital Divide

Digital Footprint

Digital Identity

Digital Literacy

Digital Nomad

Digital Signature

Digital Wallet (E-Wallet)

Directory Traversal (Path Traversal)

Disaster Recovery (DR)

Disk Formatting

Disk Partition

DisplayPort

Distributed Tracing

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)

DKIM Key Rotation

DKIM Selector

DLC (Downloadable Content)

DM (Direct Message)

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication)

DMARC Alignment

DMARC Reports (RUA and RUF)

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

DNS Amplification Attack

DNS Cache Poisoning

DNS Failover

DNS Hijacking

DNS Lookup Time

DNS Propagation

DNS Provider (DNS Hosting)

DNS Resolver (Recursive Resolver)

DNS Root Server

DNS Zone File

DNS Zone Transfer (AXFR)

DNSBL (DNS Blocklist)

DNSKEY Record

DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions)

DOCTYPE Declaration

Document Database

Document Template

DoH (DNS over HTTPS)

DOM (Document Object Model)

Domain Alignment (DMARC)

Domain Authority

Domain Backorder

Domain Expiration

Domain Name

Domain Parking

Domain Transfer

Domain Transfer Lock

Domain Validation (DV) Certificate

DoT (DNS over TLS)

Double Opt-In

DPA (Data Processing Agreement)

Drag and Drop

DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

Drift Detection

Drive-by Download

DRM (Digital Rights Management)

Dropshipping

DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)

DS Record (Delegation Signer)

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

Dual Stack (IPv4 and IPv6)

Duplex (Half and Full Duplex)

Duplicate Content

E

E-Ink (Electronic Paper)

E-invoicing (Electronic Invoicing)

e-KYC (Electronic Know Your Customer)

E-Signature (Electronic Signature)

Early Hints (103)

ECC Memory (Error-Correcting Code RAM)

Edge Computing

Edge Functions

EdTech (Educational Technology)

Egress Fees (Data Transfer Out)

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)

Email Alias

Email Bounce (Hard and Soft)

Email Client

Email Feedback Loop (FBL)

Email Forwarding

Email Header

Email Marketing

Email Open Tracking Pixel

Email Spoofing

Encrypted Client Hello (ECH)

Encryption at Rest

End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)

Envelope Sender (MAIL FROM)

Environment Variable

EPP Authorization Code

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

Error Budget

Escalation Policy

eSIM

ETag (Entity Tag)

ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)

EV (Extended Validation) Certificate

Event Bubbling

Eventual Consistency

ext4

F

Facial Recognition (Face ID)

False Negative (Monitoring)

False Positive (Monitoring)

Fast Charging

FCP (First Contentful Paint)

Feature Creep

Feature Flag

Featured Snippet

Few-Shot Prompting

Fiber Optic (Optical Fiber)

FID (First Input Delay)

Field Data vs Lab Data

File Descriptor Limit

File Extension

File System

Fine-Tuning

Fingerprint Sensor

FinOps (Cloud Financial Operations)

Fitness Tracker

Flexbox (CSS Flexible Box Layout)

Flipped Classroom

Foldable Display

Font Loading (FOIT and FOUT)

Foreign Key

Form Validation

Forward Proxy

Forward Secrecy (PFS)

FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array)

FPS (Frames Per Second)

Freeze (System Hang)

From Header

Front End (Front-End Development)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Function Calling (Tool Use)

Functional Programming

H

HAR File (HTTP Archive)

Hard Bounce

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

HDR (High Dynamic Range)

Head-of-Line Blocking

Headless CMS

Headphone Drivers

Health Check

Health Check Endpoint

Heartbeat Monitoring

Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160)

Helm (Kubernetes Package Manager)

High Availability (HA)

HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)

Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out)

Hot Reload (Hot Module Replacement)

Hot Standby

HSM (Hardware Security Module)

HSN Code (Harmonized System of Nomenclature)

HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)

HSTS Preload List

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HTML Attribute

HTML Element

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

HTTP Caching

HTTP Keep-Alive (Persistent Connections)

HTTP Keep-Alive Timeout

HTTP Request Smuggling

HTTP Status Code

HTTP Status Code Class

HTTP/3 and QUIC

HttpOnly Cookie

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

Hybrid Cloud

I

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

IAM (Identity and Access Management)

IBAN (International Bank Account Number)

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

ICP (Ideal Customer Profile)

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Idle Timeout

IDN and Punycode

IDS and IPS (Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems)

iframe (Inline Frame)

IFSC (Indian Financial System Code)

Image Optimization

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Immutability

Immutable Infrastructure

IMPS (Immediate Payment Service)

Incident Commander

Incognito Mode (Private Browsing)

Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR)

Inference (AI)

Infinite Scroll

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Inkjet vs Laser Printer

Inode Exhaustion

INP (Interaction to Next Paint)

Insider Threat

Integer Overflow

Integrated vs Dedicated Graphics

Integration Test

Interchange Fee

Intermediate Certificate

Internet Forum

Internet Meme

Internet Troll

Interpreter

iOS

IoT (Internet of Things)

IP Address Classes (Classful Addressing)

IP Fragmentation

IPS vs VA vs TN (Monitor Panel Types)

IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)

ISO File (Disc Image)

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

IXP (Internet Exchange Point)

J

Java

JavaScript Bundle Size

JavaScript Framework

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

JSX

JWT (JSON Web Token)

K

Key Management

Key Pair (Public and Private Key)

Key-Value Store

Keyboard Shortcut

Knowledge Base

Knowledge Graph

KPI (Key Performance Indicator)

Kubernetes Cluster

Kubernetes Ingress

Kubernetes Node

Kubernetes Pod

KYC (Know Your Customer)

M

MAC Address

Machine Learning (ML)

mAh (Milliampere-Hour)

Mail Server

Mailing List

Main Thread (Browser)

Maintenance Window

Malvertising (Malicious Advertising)

Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MITM)

Managed Hosting

Marketing Funnel

Matchmaking

Matter (Smart Home Standard)

Mbps vs MBps

MDA (Mail Delivery Agent)

MDR (Merchant Discount Rate)

Mean vs Median

Media Query

Memory Leak

Merchant Account

Merge Conflict

Mesh Network

Message Queue

Meta Description

Meta Viewport Tag

MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication)

MFA Fatigue (Push Bombing)

Microlearning

Microphone Types (Dynamic, Condenser, MEMS)

microSD Card

Microservices

Microsoft Azure

MIME Type (Media Type)

Minification

Mixed Content

MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game)

Mobile-First Design

Model Distillation

Model Parameters

Monolith (Monolithic Architecture)

MOOC (Massive Open Online Course)

MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)

Motherboard

Mount (File System)

MP3

MP4

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)

MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue)

MSA (Master Services Agreement)

MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)

MTA-STS (SMTP MTA Strict Transport Security)

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)

mTLS (Mutual TLS)

MTTA (Mean Time to Acknowledge)

MTTD (Mean Time to Detect)

MTTF (Mean Time to Failure)

MTTR (Mean Time to Recovery)

MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)

MUA (Mail User Agent)

Multi-Cloud

Multi-Tenancy

Multimodal AI

MVC (Model-View-Controller)

MVP (Minimum Viable Product)

MX Record (Mail Exchanger)

P

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Package Manager

Packet (Network Packet)

Packet Loss

Page Load Time

Page Weight

PageSpeed Insights

PAN (Permanent Account Number)

Password Manager

Patch (Software)

Patch Management

PATH Variable

Payment Gateway

Payment Mandate (AutoPay)

Payment Processor

PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard)

PCIe (PCI Express)

PDF (Portable Document Format)

Penetration Testing

Per-seat Pricing

Percentile (p95, p99)

Permissions-Policy

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)

PHP

PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

Ping

Pivot Table

Planned Downtime

Plug and Play (PnP)

PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

Podcast Hosting

PoE (Power over Ethernet)

Point of Presence (PoP)

POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)

Port Exhaustion

Port Forwarding

Portable App

Postmortem (Incident Review)

Powerline Adapter

PPC (Pay-Per-Click)

PRD (Product Requirements Document)

Preconnect (rel=preconnect)

Prefetch (rel=prefetch)

Preload (rel=preload)

Premium Domain

Primary Key

Principle of Least Privilege

Private Cloud

Private Key

Private vs Public IP Address

Privilege Escalation

Probe Location

Product Backlog

Product Roadmap

Product-led Growth (PLG)

Product-Market Fit

Production Environment

Progressive Enhancement

Promise (Programming)

Prompt Engineering

Proxy Server

Pseudo-class

PSU (Power Supply Unit)

PTR Record (Reverse DNS)

Public Cloud

Public DNS Resolver

Publish/Subscribe (Pub/Sub)

Pull Request

PWA (Progressive Web App)

Q

QoS (Quality of Service)

QR Code (Quick Response Code)

Quantization

Quantum Computing

Query Execution Plan

Query Optimization

Query String

Queue (Data Structure)

R

Race Condition

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Random Forest

Raspberry Pi

Rate Limiting

Ray Tracing

RCA (Root Cause Analysis)

Read Timeout

Readiness Probe

Recommendation System

Recovery Notification

Recurring Billing

Redemption Period (RGP)

Redirect (301 vs 302)

Redirect Chain

Refactoring

Referrer (HTTP Referer)

Referrer-Policy

Refresh Rate

Refund (Payments)

Regex (Regular Expression)

Region and Availability Zone

Registrar (Domain Registrar)

Registry Lock

Regression (Machine Learning)

Relational Database

Release Candidate (RC)

Release Notes

Remote Code Execution (RCE)

Remote Desktop

Render-Blocking Resource

Reply-To Header

Request Timeout

Reserved Instance

Responsive Design

Responsive Images

Retargeting

Retention Rate

Retry Storm

Retry with Backoff

Retry-After Header

Reverse DNS (rDNS)

Reverse Proxy

RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)

RFP (Request for Proposal)

Rich Results

RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback)

ROAS (Return on Ad Spend)

ROI (Return on Investment)

Rolling Deployment

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Root Store (Trust Store)

Root User (Administrator)

Round-Robin DNS

RPO (Recovery Point Objective)

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement)

RTO (Recovery Time Objective)

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)

RTT (Round-Trip Time)

Ruby

RUM (Real User Monitoring)

Rust (Programming Language)

S

S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)

SaaS (Software as a Service)

SaaS Quick Ratio

Sales Pipeline

Same-Origin Policy

SameSite Cookie Attribute

SAML

Sampling (Statistics)

SAN Certificate (Subject Alternative Name)

Sandboxing (Security)

Sass and SCSS

SATA (Serial ATA)

Scalability

Scope (Programming)

SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)

Screen Mirroring

Screen Reader

Screen Resolution

Screen Sharing

Screen Time

SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area Network)

SDK (Software Development Kit)

Search Engine

Search Intent

Secondary DNS

Secure Cookie Flag

Security Audit

Security Headers

Self-Signed Certificate

Semantic HTML

Semantic Search

Semantic Versioning (SemVer)

Sender Reputation

SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area)

Serialization

SERP (Search Engine Results Page)

Server Error (5xx)

Server-Side Rendering (SSR)

Serverless Computing

Service Mesh

Service Worker

Session (Web Session)

Session Affinity

Session Fixation

Session Hijacking

Session Storage

Settlement (Payments)

Severity Levels (SEV1, SEV2, SEV3)

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)

Shared Hosting

Sidecar Container

SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)

SIM Card (Subscriber Identity Module)

SIM Swapping

Single Point of Failure (SPOF)

Single-Page Application (SPA)

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Sitemap (XML Sitemap)

Skeleton Screen

SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)

SLA (Service Level Agreement)

SLI (Service Level Indicator)

SLO (Service Level Objective)

Smart Contract

Smart Speaker

Smishing (SMS Phishing)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SNI (Server Name Indication)

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

SOA Record (Start of Authority)

Soak Testing

SoC (System on a Chip)

Social Engineering

Social Media

SOCKS Proxy

Soft Bounce

Software License (MIT, GPL, Apache)

Software Update vs Upgrade

SOLID Principles

SOW (Statement of Work)

Spam

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spear Phishing

Speech Recognition

Speed Index

SPF (Sender Policy Framework)

SPF Flattening

Split Brain

Split-Horizon DNS

Spot Instance

Spreadsheet

SQL (Structured Query Language)

SQL Injection

SRV Record (Service Record)

SSD (Solid State Drive)

SSH (Secure Shell)

SSID (Service Set Identifier)

SSL Stripping

SSL/TLS (Transport Layer Security)

SSO (Single Sign-On)

SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)

Stack Trace

Stack vs Heap

Staging Environment

stale-if-error

Stale-While-Revalidate

Standard Deviation

State Management

Static Site Generator (SSG)

Status Page

Stored Procedure

Stress Testing

Structured Data (Schema Markup)

Structured Logging

Structured vs Unstructured Data

Subdomain Takeover

Subnet Mask

Subresource Integrity (SRI)

Subscription Model

Supervised Learning

Support Ticket

Surge Protector

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

Swift (Programming Language)

Symlink (Symbolic Link)

Symmetric Encryption

Sync (Synchronization)

Synthetic Data

Synthetic Monitoring

System Prompt

System Restore

T

Tail Latency

Tailwind CSS

Task Manager

TBT (Total Blocking Time)

TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP Keepalive

TCP Slow Start

TDD (Test-Driven Development)

TDP (Thermal Design Power)

TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)

Technical Debt

Technical SEO

Temperature (Sampling)

Text Editor

Text-to-Speech (TTS)

Thermal Paste

Thermal Throttling

Third-Party Script

Threat Modeling

Three-Way Handshake (TCP)

Threshold Alert

Thumb Drive (USB Flash Drive)

Thunderbolt

Thundering Herd

Tiered Pricing

Time-Series Database

TLC vs QLC NAND

TLD (Top-Level Domain)

TLS Downgrade Attack

TLS Handshake

TLS Session Resumption

TLS Termination

TLS-RPT (SMTP TLS Reporting)

Tokenization

Top-p (Nucleus Sampling)

Tor Network (The Onion Router)

Torrent (BitTorrent)

Touchscreen

TPM (Trusted Platform Module)

Training Data

Transactional Email

Transformer (AI Architecture)

Tree Shaking

Trojan Horse

TTFB (Time to First Byte)

TTI (Time to Interactive)

TTL (Time to Live)

Turing Test

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

TXT Record (Text Record)

Typosquatting

X

X-Content-Type-Options

X-Frame-Options

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

XXE (XML External Entity)

Y

YAML

Z

Zero-Shot Prompting