Z-Wave is a low-power wireless mesh protocol used in smart home devices such as locks, switches, and sensors. It operates in sub-gigahertz frequencies, which differ by region, rather than the 2.4 GHz band used by Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
Why it matters
Using a lower frequency avoids much of the interference from Wi-Fi, microwaves, and Bluetooth, and it tends to penetrate walls reasonably well. Because the frequency varies by region, devices bought for one market may not work in another. Z-Wave devices are certified for interoperability, which helps different brands work together.
The network uses a controller and mesh routing: mains-powered devices repeat messages, with a limited number of hops permitted between devices. A network supports a few hundred nodes, which is far more than most homes need. Data rates are low, so it suits commands and status messages, not audio or video.
Example
A battery door lock in a garage can reach the hub by hopping through a plugged-in switch in the hall. After adding new devices, running a network heal or route rebuild can help the mesh find better paths.
Common mistakes
- Buying devices for the wrong regional frequency.
- Moving a mains-powered repeater without rebuilding routes.
- Using too long a chain of hops and getting slow responses.
- Assuming it is the same as Zigbee. The radios and protocols are different.
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